BibTeX
@ARTICLE{
         Gross-Hardt2008PSO,
       author = "E. Gross-Hardt and E.~Slusanschi and H. M. B{\"u}cker and A. Pfennig and C.
         H.~Bischof",
       title = "Practical Shape Optimization of a Levitation Device for Single Droplets",
       journal = "Optimization and Engineering",
       pages = "179--199",
       doi = "10.1007/s11081-007-9027-x",
       abstract = "The rigorous optimization of the geometry of a glass cell with computational fluid
         dynamics (CFD) is performed. The cell will be used for non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
         measurements on a single droplet levitated in a counter current of liquid in a conical tube. The
         objective function of the optimization describes the stability of the droplet position required for
         long-period NMR measurements. The direct problem and even more the optimization problem require an
         efficient method to handle the high numerical complexity implied. Here, the flow equations are
         solved two-dimensionally and in steady state with the finite-element code SEPRAN for a spherical
         droplet with ideally mobile interface. The optimization is performed by embedding the CFD solver
         SEPRAN in the optimization environment EFCOSS. The underlying derivatives are computed using the
         automatic differentiation software ADIFOR. An overall concept for the optimization process is
         developed, requiring a robust scheme for the discretization of the geometries as well as a model for
         horizontal stability in the axially symmetric case. The numerical results show that the previously
         employed measuring cell described by Schr{\"o}ter is less suitable to maintain a stable
         droplet position than the new cell.",
       year = "2008",
       volume = "9",
       number = "2",
       ad_area = "Computational Fluid Dynamics, Optimization",
       ad_tools = "ADIFOR",
       ad_theotech = "Black Box"
}